Everything You Need to Know About Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids, commonly referred to as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. Similar to varicose veins, they develop due to increased pressure in the area, often caused by constipation, prolonged sitting, or heavy lifting. Hemorrhoids can occur internally (inside the rectum) or externally (under the skin around the anus).

Statistics show that hemorrhoids affect approximately 50% of adults aged 50 and above. Recognizing the symptoms early and addressing the causes can significantly reduce discomfort and prevent complications.

Hemorrhoids Symptoms

Symptoms of hemorrhoids vary depending on the type:

Internal Hemorrhoids

• Typically painless unless they prolapse.
• Common signs include:
  • Bright red blood on toilet tissue or in the stool.
  • Protrusion or bulging of a vein through the anus (prolapsed hemorrhoid), causing discomfort.

External Hemorrhoids

• Found under the skin around the anus and are more sensitive due to the presence of nerve endings.
• Common symptoms include:
  • Pain or discomfort, especially during bowel movements or prolonged sitting.
  • Swelling and itching around the anus.
  • Hard lumps caused by thrombosed hemorrhoids (blood clots), which can be tender and discolored.

Thrombosed Hemorrhoids

• Severe pain, swelling, and a hard lump near the anus indicate a blood clot in an external hemorrhoid.
• Immediate medical attention may be required for relief and to prevent complications.

If you experience rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or persistent pain, consult a doctor promptly as these symptoms could indicate more serious conditions like colorectal cancer.

Haemorrhoids Causes

Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen blood vessels in the rectal or anal area. They can develop due to increased pressure in the lower rectum. Below are some common causes of haemorrhoids:

1. Chronic Constipation or Diarrhoea: Straining during bowel movements due to constipation or experiencing frequent diarrhoea can cause haemorrhoids.
2. Prolonged Sitting or Standing: Staying in one position for long durations, especially sitting on the toilet, can put pressure on the rectal veins, leading to haemorrhoids.
3. Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the growing uterus exerts pressure on the pelvic veins, which can contribute to haemorrhoid formation. Hormonal changes may also weaken vein walls.
4. Low-Fibre Diet: A diet lacking in fibre can result in hard stools, making bowel movements difficult and increasing strain on the rectal veins.
5. Obesity: Excess body weight can add pressure to the veins in the pelvic area, increasing the risk of haemorrhoids.
6. Heavy Lifting: Repeatedly lifting heavy objects without proper support can cause strain on the rectal and abdominal muscles, leading to haemorrhoids.
7. Ageing: With age, the tissues supporting the veins in the rectum and anus may weaken, making haemorrhoids more common in older adults.
8. Anal Intercourse: This activity may irritate the rectal area, increasing the risk of haemorrhoid development.
9. Genetics: A family history of haemorrhoids can predispose individuals to develop the condition.
10. Portal Hypertension: Increased blood pressure in the portal venous system, often related to liver diseases, can contribute to haemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids Treatment Options

For those already experiencing hemorrhoid symptoms, treatment varies based on severity:

Home Remedies

• Increase dietary fiber and water intake.
• Use over-the-counter creams or ointments containing hydrocortisone or witch hazel for relief.
• Apply cold compresses to reduce swelling.
• Take warm sitz baths for 10–15 minutes several times daily.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

• Rubber Band Ligation: A rubber band is placed around the hemorrhoid to cut off blood flow, causing it to shrink.
• Sclerotherapy: Injection of a chemical solution to shrink the hemorrhoid.
• Infrared Coagulation: Heat is applied to shrink internal hemorrhoids.

Surgical Options

• Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of severe or recurring hemorrhoids.
• Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: Used for prolapsed hemorrhoids, it repositions and secures the tissue.

Consult your gastroenterologists to determine the best piles treatment plan based on your symptoms.

Importance of Early Detection

Early identification of hemorrhoids is essential to prevent complications and avoid unnecessary discomfort. While mild cases may resolve with home remedies, advanced conditions, such as prolapsed or thrombosed hemorrhoids, often require medical intervention.

Conditions like anal fissures, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease can mimic hemorrhoid symptoms. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider to rule out these conditions, especially if symptoms include heavy rectal bleeding, persistent pain, or significant changes in stool appearance.

Prevention and Lifestyle Changes

The best way to manage hemorrhoids is through prevention. Lifestyle adjustments can significantly reduce the risk:

• Eat a High-Fiber Diet: Include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables to soften stools and prevent straining.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink 6–8 glasses of water daily to promote regular bowel movements.
• Avoid Prolonged Sitting: Reduce time spent sitting, particularly on the toilet, as this increases pressure on rectal veins.
• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity promotes healthy digestion and reduces pressure on veins.
• Practice Proper Toilet Habits: Respond promptly to the urge to defecate and avoid straining.

These measures help maintain soft stools and reduce rectal pressure, which are key factors in preventing hemorrhoids.

When to Call the Doctor

If a person suspects haemorrhoids, they should consult their doctor if they are having:

• Abdominal pain

• Nausea and vomiting

• Chronic constipation or diarrhoea

• Severe rectal bleeding and pain

• Fever and chills

Conclusion

Hemorrhoids, though common, can cause significant discomfort if left untreated. Recognizing symptoms early, adopting preventive measures, and consulting a healthcare provider when needed can ensure effective management. With lifestyle changes and the right treatments, most individuals can find lasting relief from hemorrhoids.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How Can I Differentiate Hemorrhoids from Anal Fissures?

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins, while anal fissures are small tears in the anal lining. Fissures typically cause sharp pain during bowel movements, unlike hemorrhoids, which may result in itching or swelling.

2. What Diet is Most Effective for Preventing Hemorrhoids?

A diet rich in fiber (fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) and adequate hydration is most effective. Fiber supplements like psyllium or methylcellulose can also help.

3. When Should I See a Doctor for Hemorrhoids?

Seek medical attention if you experience heavy rectal bleeding, severe pain, prolapsed hemorrhoids that don’t return on their own, or symptoms lasting longer than a week.

4. Are There Complications if Hemorrhoids are Untreated?

While rare, complications include anemia (from blood loss), thrombosed hemorrhoids, and strangulated hemorrhoids (loss of blood supply).

5. Can Hemorrhoids be Completely Cured?

With proper treatment and lifestyle changes, hemorrhoids can be managed effectively. Surgery offers long-term solutions for severe cases, though recurrence is still possible with persistent risk factors.